Understanding Destructive Chewing: Is It Driven by Anxiety or Boredom?

Destructive chewing is a common behavior in pets, especially dogs, that often puzzles owners. When you find shredded cushions, gnawed shoes, or chewed-up furniture, it’s natural to wonder why your pet is acting this way. Is it anxiety, boredom, or something else? Understanding the root cause of destructive chewing can help you address the behavior effectively and improve your pet’s well-being.

Dog chewing on a torn cushion, showing signs of destructive chewing

What Is Destructive Chewing?

Destructive chewing refers to the habit of pets, mainly dogs, biting and tearing objects that are not meant to be chewed. This behavior can cause damage to household items and sometimes even harm the pet if they swallow dangerous materials. While chewing is a natural activity for dogs, destructive chewing becomes a problem when it is excessive or directed at inappropriate objects.

Chewing helps dogs relieve stress, clean their teeth, and explore their environment. Puppies chew to soothe teething pain, while adult dogs may chew to release pent-up energy or anxiety. The challenge is to figure out why your pet is chewing destructively rather than calmly enjoying a chew toy.

Signs That Point to Anxiety-Driven Chewing

Anxiety is a strong emotional state that can trigger destructive chewing. Dogs experiencing anxiety may chew as a coping mechanism to calm themselves. Here are some signs that destructive chewing is linked to anxiety:

• Chewing occurs mostly when the dog is alone

Separation anxiety often leads dogs to chew furniture, doors, or shoes when left alone.

• Chewing is accompanied by other anxious behaviors

Pacing, whining, drooling, or excessive barking can indicate anxiety.

• The dog appears restless or agitated

An anxious dog may have difficulty settling down and may chew to release nervous energy.

• Chewing happens suddenly after a stressful event

Loud noises, changes in routine, or new environments can trigger anxiety-related chewing.

For example, a dog left alone for the first time might chew the door frame as a way to cope with separation anxiety. This behavior is not about boredom but a response to emotional distress.

How Boredom Leads to Destructive Chewing

Boredom is another common cause of destructive chewing. When dogs lack mental stimulation or physical exercise, they may chew to entertain themselves. Signs that chewing is boredom-related include:

• Chewing happens mostly when the dog is awake and unattended

Dogs left alone without toys or activities may chew to pass time.

• The dog shows signs of restlessness or hyperactivity

Bored dogs often pace, dig, or bark excessively.

• Chewing targets random household items

Shoes, furniture, and other objects become targets simply because they are available.

• The dog quickly loses interest in chew toys

This may indicate the need for more engaging or varied activities.

For instance, a dog left home alone for several hours without walks or playtime might chew on a couch cushion out of sheer boredom. This behavior is a way to self-entertain and release excess energy.

Dog surrounded by chewed-up toys and household items after destructive chewing

How to Tell Anxiety and Boredom Apart

Distinguishing between anxiety and boredom as the cause of destructive chewing is crucial for effective intervention. Here are some tips to help you identify the root cause:

• Observe when chewing happens

Anxiety-related chewing often occurs during stressful situations or when the dog is alone. Boredom chewing happens when the dog is awake and unstimulated.

• Look for other behaviors

Anxiety may come with pacing, whining, or trembling. Boredom may show as hyperactivity or restlessness.

• Consider recent changes

New environments, loud noises, or changes in routine may trigger anxiety. Lack of exercise or mental stimulation points to boredom.

• Test with enrichment

Provide engaging toys or puzzles. If chewing decreases, boredom was likely the cause. If chewing persists, anxiety might be the issue.

Practical Ways to Reduce Destructive Chewing

Once you understand the cause, you can take steps to reduce destructive chewing effectively.

For Anxiety-Driven Chewing

• Create a safe space

Provide a comfortable, quiet area where your dog feels secure.

• Use calming aids

Products like anxiety wraps, pheromone diffusers, or calming treats may help.

• Gradual desensitization

Slowly get your dog used to being alone by increasing separation time in small steps.

• Exercise before leaving

A tired dog is less anxious and less likely to chew destructively.

• Consult a professional

A veterinarian or animal behaviorist can recommend therapies or medications if needed.

For Boredom-Driven Chewing

• Increase physical exercise

Regular walks, playtime, and outdoor activities help burn energy.

• Provide mental stimulation

Puzzle toys, training sessions, and interactive games keep your dog’s mind busy.

• Rotate toys

Keep toys interesting by changing them regularly.

• Offer safe chew toys

Durable toys designed for chewing can satisfy the urge without damage.

• Spend quality time

Engage with your dog daily to prevent boredom.

When to Seek Help

If destructive chewing continues despite your efforts, or if your dog shows signs of severe anxiety such as aggression, self-harm, or extreme distress, seek professional help. A veterinarian or certified animal behaviorist can provide tailored advice and treatment plans.